Same hospital, same procedure — different price depending on who’s paying. Each payer’s median negotiated rate as a percent of Medicare, across every hospital × procedure cell where that payer publishes commercial rates. Spread is the typical same-procedure price ratio between this payer’s cheapest and most expensive hospitals (10th–90th percentile, median across procedures): a low median with a wide spread still overpays somewhere.
| Payer | Median vs. Medicare | Median | Spread (10th–90th) | Hospitals | Cells |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anthem BCBS | 193% | 3.0× | 106 | 4,568 | |
| Humana | 227% | 8.0× | 20 | 813 | |
| UnitedHealthcare | 229% | 7.4× | 99 | 3,753 | |
| Aetna | 257% | 6.5× | 83 | 3,245 | |
| Cigna | 287% | 4.0× | 56 | 2,134 |