Same hospital, same procedure — different price depending on who’s paying. Each payer’s median negotiated rate as a percent of Medicare, across every hospital × procedure cell where that payer publishes commercial rates. Spread is the typical same-procedure price ratio between this payer’s cheapest and most expensive hospitals (10th–90th percentile, median across procedures): a low median with a wide spread still overpays somewhere.
| Payer | Median vs. Medicare | Median | Spread (10th–90th) | Hospitals | Cells |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Humana | 103% | 4.7× | 24 | 1,230 | |
| Anthem BCBS | 176% | 9.0× | 98 | 5,182 | |
| UnitedHealthcare | 185% | 9.8× | 139 | 8,278 | |
| Aetna | 205% | 9.9× | 129 | 8,062 | |
| Cigna | 250% | 7.2× | 109 | 5,956 |